{"id":282,"date":"2025-11-15T08:06:09","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T08:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.duckpi.com\/software\/?p=282"},"modified":"2025-11-15T08:06:09","modified_gmt":"2025-11-15T08:06:09","slug":"andrej-karpathy-software-is-changing-again","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.duckpi.com\/software\/?p=282","title":{"rendered":"Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"270\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LCEmiRjPEtQ\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Andrej Karpathy&#8217;s keynote on June 17, 2025 at AI Startup School in San Francisco. Slides provided by Andrej: https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1a0h1mkwfmV2PlekxDN8isMrDA5evc4wW\/view?usp=sharing<\/p>\n<p>Chapters:<br \/>\n00:00 &#8211; Intro<br \/>\n01:25 &#8211; Software evolution: From 1.0 to 3.0<br \/>\n04:40 &#8211; Programming in English: Rise of Software 3.0<br \/>\n06:10 &#8211; LLMs as utilities, fabs, and operating systems<br \/>\n11:04 &#8211; The new LLM OS and historical computing analogies<br \/>\n14:39 &#8211; Psychology of LLMs: People spirits and cognitive quirks<br \/>\n18:22 &#8211; Designing LLM apps with partial autonomy<br \/>\n23:40 &#8211; The importance of human-AI collaboration loops<br \/>\n26:00 &#8211; Lessons from Tesla Autopilot &amp; autonomy sliders<br \/>\n27:52 &#8211; The Iron Man analogy: Augmentation vs. agents<br \/>\n29:06 &#8211; Vibe Coding: Everyone is now a programmer<br \/>\n33:39 &#8211; Building for agents: Future-ready digital infrastructure<br \/>\n38:14 &#8211; Summary: We\u2019re in the 1960s of LLMs \u2014 time to build<\/p>\n<p>Drawing on his work at Stanford, OpenAI, and Tesla, Andrej sees a shift underway. Software is changing, again. We\u2019ve entered the era of \u201cSoftware 3.0,\u201d where natural language becomes the new programming interface and models do the rest.<\/p>\n<p>He explores what this shift means for developers, users, and the design of software itself\u2014 that we&#8217;re not just using new tools, but building a new kind of computer.<\/p>\n<p>More content from Andrej: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@AndrejKarpathy<\/p>\n<p>Thoughts (From Andrej Karpathy!)<br \/>\n0:49 &#8211; Imo fair to say that software is changing quite fundamentally again. LLMs are a new kind of computer, and you program them *in English*. Hence I think they are well deserving of a major version upgrade in terms of software.<br \/>\n6:06 &#8211; LLMs have properties of utilities, of fabs, and of operating systems \u2192 New LLM OS, fabbed by labs, and distributed like utilities (for now). Many historical analogies apply &#8211; imo we are computing circa ~1960s.<br \/>\n14:39 &#8211; LLM psychology: LLMs = &#8220;people spirits&#8221;, stochastic simulations of people, where the simulator is an autoregressive Transformer. Since they are trained on human data, they have a kind of emergent psychology, and are simultaneously superhuman in some ways, but also fallible in many others. Given this, how do we productively work with them hand in hand?<br \/>\nSwitching gears to opportunities&#8230;<br \/>\n18:16 &#8211; LLMs are &#8220;people spirits&#8221; \u2192 can build partially autonomous products.<br \/>\n29:05 &#8211; LLMs are programmed in English \u2192 make software highly accessible! (yes, vibe coding)<br \/>\n33:36 &#8211; LLMs are new primary consumer\/manipulator of digital information (adding to GUIs\/humans and APIs\/programs) \u2192 Build for agents!<\/p>\n<p>Some of the links:<br \/>\n&#8211; Software 2.0 blog post from 2017 https:\/\/karpathy.medium.com\/software-2-0-a64152b37c35<br \/>\n&#8211; How LLMs flip the script on technology diffusion https:\/\/karpathy.bearblog.dev\/power-to-the-people\/<br \/>\n&#8211; Vibe coding MenuGen (retrospective) https:\/\/karpathy.bearblog.dev\/vibe-coding-menugen\/<\/p>\n<p>Apply to Y Combinator: https:\/\/ycombinator.com\/apply<br \/>\nWork at a startup: https:\/\/workatastartup.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Andrej Karpathy&#8217;s keynote on June 17, 2025 at AI Startup School in San Francisco. Slides provided by Andrej: https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1a0h1mkwfmV2PlekxDN8isMrDA5evc4wW\/view?usp=sharing Chapters: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.duckpi.com\/software\/?p=282\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again) - Software\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Andrej Karpathy&#8217;s keynote on June 17, 2025 at AI Startup School in San Francisco. 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